The current UAV system is widely used in various industries, greatly enriching the work of various industries and people's daily lives. UAVs originally used for entertainment purposes are increasingly being used for other (sometimes hostile) purposes. This includes: observing/disturbing public activities, spying on protected areas, smuggling contraband into prisons, endangering/threatening commercial air traffic, and entering restricted airspace. Technical approaches to combat such drone threats include monitoring related signal spectrum, identifying frequency agile radio control signals, direction finding, and possible defense countermeasures.
1. Trends in drone applications
The use of wireless control (RC) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for residential and commercial use has been growing steadily over the past decade. As early as 2011, relevant research pointed out that amateurs around the world use about 50,000 drones. In the United States, some researchers claim that as many as 30,000 civilian and commercial drones will fly over US cities in the next decade. Some experts estimate that during this period, the cumulative investment in high-altitude drones worldwide will reach $98 billion, of which about 12% will be used for commercial purposes. These UAV systems are an advanced technology that has proven to provide useful "eyes" services, but has also raised serious concerns about privacy and security.
It is undeniable that monitoring technologies and applications have flourished over the past few decades. The emergence of drones has increased the dimension of monitoring, both in terms of functionality and potential threats. In addition to the well-known data privacy issues, drone-based surveillance threatens another important concern: behavioral privacy. As public concerns continue to rise, policy and regulatory measures become more urgent.
Obviously, not all drone applications pose a threat. Examples of legal and beneficial use of drones include: park-wide drones, drone area mapping, search and rescue drones, archaeological and agricultural research drones, mine detection drones, and rescue drones. In addition, drones have become very popular for entertainment.
However, the number of accidents caused by irresponsible or illegal use of drones is also growing rapidly. The types of drones involved are readily available for criminal or even hostile purposes.
Drones can smuggle drugs and weapons
Germany (January 24, 2015): A drone with drugs (with marijuana, iPhone and USB flash drives) attempted to enter a detention center in Holstenglacis, Hamburg, Germany, and crashed into the cell window as it approached the roof.
Drones can spy on privacy
United States (February 17, 2015): After the unknown drone crashed in the White House garden, Washington was alert to drones and it is expected that the management of radio-controlled aircraft will be more stringent.
The drone affected the landing of the plane, and even the plane crashed.
United Kingdom (December 7, 2014): A near-risk approach between passenger planes and drones near Heathrow Airport raises concerns that drones may pose a threat to commercial flights. The pilot of the Airbus A320 saw the drone, but it did not appear in the air traffic control system.
Drones disrupt public activities
United States (September 27, 2014): Unmanned helicopters with cameras were not authorized to fly over the University of Kansas Memorial Stadium before the University of Kansas football game.
UAVs may appear in sensitive areas, critical infrastructure, and government areas
France (January 31, 2015): A small drone in the Gulf of Brittany, France, with four nuclear submarines, is one of the most protected locations.
Drones may threaten large political meetings
Japan (April 22, 2015): The discovery of drones with radio emissions on the roof of the Prime Minister’s official residence, which triggered the use of drones for drones, as well as the use of drones during the G-7 Summit in Japan and the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Worries about the attack.
2. Civil (commercial) drone technology background
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is an aircraft with no human pilots in the aircraft cabin. The aircraft is remotely controlled by pilots on the ground or remotely by the in-vehicle navigation system of the flight reservation route. UAVs are generally divided into six categories by function: civil and commercial, target and decoy, detection, confrontation, logistics, research and development.
We focus here on radio-controlled civilian (commercial) drones, which are specifically designed for residential and commercial applications. With the increasing maturity of automated target detection methods and the ever-decreasing cost, the trend toward more use of drone technology in the civilian and commercial sectors has increased rapidly. The growing number of affordable drones capable of carrying payloads ranging from 100 grams to a few kilograms poses new threats to critical infrastructure, VIPs and public events. These threats involve simple interference (privacy), spying or even serious harm (terrorist attacks). In the face of the difficulties and challenges of intercepting radio-controlled drones and their operators, many organizations have been working hard to explore the implementation of drone monitoring and countermeasures.
There are two main types of civilian drones, the explicit multi-copter helicopters and fixed wings.
Multi-rotor drones can hover and fly in the air at very low speeds and very low altitudes, making them ideal for applications such as aerial photography, power line inspections, aerial video and real estate photography.
Fixed-wing UAVs are suitable for higher altitude or wider range applications such as search and rescue, rescue and mapping of larger areas.
In addition, the division of civilian (commercial) drones depends on their size, load, speed, battery life, altitude and cruising range, and can be divided into small, micro and nano drones.
1. Trends in drone applications
The use of wireless control (RC) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for residential and commercial use has been growing steadily over the past decade. As early as 2011, relevant research pointed out that amateurs around the world use about 50,000 drones. In the United States, some researchers claim that as many as 30,000 civilian and commercial drones will fly over US cities in the next decade. Some experts estimate that during this period, the cumulative investment in high-altitude drones worldwide will reach $98 billion, of which about 12% will be used for commercial purposes. These UAV systems are an advanced technology that has proven to provide useful "eyes" services, but has also raised serious concerns about privacy and security.
It is undeniable that monitoring technologies and applications have flourished over the past few decades. The emergence of drones has increased the dimension of monitoring, both in terms of functionality and potential threats. In addition to the well-known data privacy issues, drone-based surveillance threatens another important concern: behavioral privacy. As public concerns continue to rise, policy and regulatory measures become more urgent.
Obviously, not all drone applications pose a threat. Examples of legal and beneficial use of drones include: park-wide drones, drone area mapping, search and rescue drones, archaeological and agricultural research drones, mine detection drones, and rescue drones. In addition, drones have become very popular for entertainment.
However, the number of accidents caused by irresponsible or illegal use of drones is also growing rapidly. The types of drones involved are readily available for criminal or even hostile purposes.
Drones can smuggle drugs and weapons
Germany (January 24, 2015): A drone with drugs (with marijuana, iPhone and USB flash drives) attempted to enter a detention center in Holstenglacis, Hamburg, Germany, and crashed into the cell window as it approached the roof.
Drones can spy on privacy
United States (February 17, 2015): After the unknown drone crashed in the White House garden, Washington was alert to drones and it is expected that the management of radio-controlled aircraft will be more stringent.
The drone affected the landing of the plane, and even the plane crashed.
United Kingdom (December 7, 2014): A near-risk approach between passenger planes and drones near Heathrow Airport raises concerns that drones may pose a threat to commercial flights. The pilot of the Airbus A320 saw the drone, but it did not appear in the air traffic control system.
Drones disrupt public activities
United States (September 27, 2014): Unmanned helicopters with cameras were not authorized to fly over the University of Kansas Memorial Stadium before the University of Kansas football game.
UAVs may appear in sensitive areas, critical infrastructure, and government areas
France (January 31, 2015): A small drone in the Gulf of Brittany, France, with four nuclear submarines, is one of the most protected locations.
Drones may threaten large political meetings
Japan (April 22, 2015): The discovery of drones with radio emissions on the roof of the Prime Minister’s official residence, which triggered the use of drones for drones, as well as the use of drones during the G-7 Summit in Japan and the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Worries about the attack.
2. Civil (commercial) drone technology background
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is an aircraft with no human pilots in the aircraft cabin. The aircraft is remotely controlled by pilots on the ground or remotely by the in-vehicle navigation system of the flight reservation route. UAVs are generally divided into six categories by function: civil and commercial, target and decoy, detection, confrontation, logistics, research and development.
We focus here on radio-controlled civilian (commercial) drones, which are specifically designed for residential and commercial applications. With the increasing maturity of automated target detection methods and the ever-decreasing cost, the trend toward more use of drone technology in the civilian and commercial sectors has increased rapidly. The growing number of affordable drones capable of carrying payloads ranging from 100 grams to a few kilograms poses new threats to critical infrastructure, VIPs and public events. These threats involve simple interference (privacy), spying or even serious harm (terrorist attacks). In the face of the difficulties and challenges of intercepting radio-controlled drones and their operators, many organizations have been working hard to explore the implementation of drone monitoring and countermeasures.
There are two main types of civilian drones, the explicit multi-copter helicopters and fixed wings.
Multi-rotor drones can hover and fly in the air at very low speeds and very low altitudes, making them ideal for applications such as aerial photography, power line inspections, aerial video and real estate photography.
Fixed-wing UAVs are suitable for higher altitude or wider range applications such as search and rescue, rescue and mapping of larger areas.
In addition, the division of civilian (commercial) drones depends on their size, load, speed, battery life, altitude and cruising range, and can be divided into small, micro and nano drones.
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