Recently, the development of wind power can be described as ever-changing. With the increase in wind power installed capacity, how to develop the on-grid tariff of wind power has become a matter of great concern to investors and power grid companies. How to formulate operational rules on the on-grid tariff of wind power, this paper proposes a way of wind power feed-in tariff model with reference to domestic and foreign practical experience.
Successful on-grid tariff mechanism abroad
The Danish government imposes an energy tax and a carbon dioxide emission tax on coal-fired power, and subsidizes the purchase price of wind power, so that users of wind turbines can change from satisfying their own power demand to selling electricity to the grid, gaining certain profits, and purchasing wind turbines to form farmers. An investment method that works with other residents.
Germany divides the price of wind power on-grid into the lowest protection price plus the price of electricity, and adjusts the time to encourage the price of electricity to reduce the difference in income caused by resource conditions. In addition, early development of higher protection tariffs, incentives for the development of the industry, the formation of large-scale wind power equipment manufacturing capacity, and then through the annual reduction of the minimum protection price, prompting equipment manufacturers to strive to reduce costs. However, it is necessary to authorize the authority to certify the reference power generation of each model, which is complicated to operate.
Spain's wind power feed-in tariffs are linked to the government's annual electricity tariffs, which are increasing year by year.
The above-mentioned three countries' wind power feed-in tariff levels are: Denmark 0.69 Danish Krone (0.94 yuan) / kWh, Germany 8.7 Euro cents (0.94 yuan) / kWh and Spain 7.098 Euro cents (0.72 yuan) / kWh, such wind power on-grid price Level, with high intensity incentives, attracting a large number of investors, and fostering a stable wind power market. At the end of 2004, the cumulative installed capacity of wind power in the Three Kingdoms was: 3.12 million kilowatts in Denmark, ranking fourth in the world; Germany was 16.63 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world. Spain has 8.26 million kilowatts, ranking second in the world. Due to the good market space, the wind power equipment manufacturing industry has grown rapidly in these three countries, increasing employment opportunities and expanding exports. In 2004, it only installed a total of 764,000 kilowatts in the Chinese market, with Denmark accounting for 44.6% and Germany accounting for 17.2. %, Spain accounted for 16.1%.
The principle of establishing a feed-in tariff mechanism
It is conducive to the establishment of a localized wind power equipment industry as soon as possible, reducing equipment costs. The main purpose of the current development of wind power is not to solve the power shortage and reduce carbon dioxide emissions, but to improve the domestic wind power equipment manufacturing and development capabilities, establish a localized industry, and change the situation of imported equipment. Practice has proved that the price of the same type of wind power equipment can be reduced by about 20% after localized production, and it can continue to decline as technology advances and increases production volume. The equipment invested in wind power projects accounts for 70%, and plays a decisive role in reducing the on-grid tariff of wind power under the same wind energy resources.
The return on investment is better than coal power. The return on investment in wind power is better than that of coal-fired thermal power to reflect the encouragement of wind power, attract investors, establish a stable wind power market, and provide a survival basis for equipment manufacturing.
National distribution, unified electricity prices, to take care of the difference in resource conditions. Since the verification of on-grid tariffs requires the approval of the price department, it is a sensitive and cumbersome process to verify the electricity price for each wind power project. Therefore, it is better for the new wind power grid price mechanism to be able to verify the electricity price for at least 3 years. The difference in resources is to change the implementation incentive. The electricity price of electricity (encourage the total on-grid electricity) to adjust, reduce the benefit gap formed by the advantages and disadvantages of resources.
Recommended electricity price mode for wind power online
At the end of 2004, the national wind power installed capacity was 764,000 kilowatts, which was only 0.17% compared with the national total installed capacity of 440 million kilowatts. Considering that the equivalent full-load hours of wind power is equivalent to half of the conventional power supply, the on-grid electricity only accounts for The total electricity consumption in the country is 0.08%. Approving appropriately high electricity prices for wind power has little impact on the overall economy and has a great effect on accelerating the formation of the wind power industry.
The composition of wind power on-grid tariffs is divided into two parts. The operating period protects the (lowest) electricity price plus the incentive (concession) price of the fixed electricity. The wind power project has a large investment at one time, but there is no influence of human factors such as fuel price changes during the operation period, so it is conditionally promised to fix the electricity price. Wind power projects still have some risks, mainly the accuracy of wind energy resource assessment and the reliability of wind turbine operation, as well as the rising price of spare parts in the future. The minimum protection price is needed to cultivate this industry, which should be slightly higher than the national average. On-grid tariffs are fixed during the operating period. Due to the relatively high cost of wind power, the protection of electricity prices can not meet the requirements of debt service, and it is necessary to increase the price of incentives (concessions) in order to make wind power survive and promote its development.
Considering the differences in wind energy resource conditions of various wind farms, the amount of electricity that is used to encourage electricity prices is also different. Wind power projects with poor wind energy resources have a relatively large amount of electricity that encourages electricity prices, and the average on-grid electricity price during the corresponding operating period is also relatively high. The amount of electricity that is used to encourage electricity prices is measured in terms of equivalent full-load hours, such as 30,000 hours, and for a wind farm with an installed capacity of 100,000 kilowatts, it is 3 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity. According to the internal rate of return of the wind power project under different wind energy resources, the corresponding implementation of the incentive electricity price can be verified, and the internal rate of return on project investment caused by resources and other conditions can be narrowed.
After the production capacity of localized wind power equipment is formed, the cost can be reduced. When the local wind power equipment manufacturing industry forms a scale and the components and units provided exceed the import share, the wind power project will reduce the electricity price year by year according to the production time, which will help accelerate project investment and promote equipment cost. decline. The specific amount is appropriately adjusted every three or five years depending on the development at the time.
Wind power feed-in tariff case
For example, a wind power project with an investment of 9000 yuan/kW in kilowatts and an annual net load of 2,000 hours is used as an example. The on-grid electricity that implements the incentive price is equivalent to 30,000 hours (equivalent to 15 years). Initial control of the minimum resource equivalent to a full load of 1600 hours, the implementation of the incentive electricity price of the on-grid electricity is equivalent to a full load of 32,000 hours (equivalent to the implementation of 20 years), the highest resource year equivalent to a full load of 3000 hours, the implementation of the incentive electricity price of the on-grid electricity The equivalent full load is 10,000 hours (equivalent to 3.3 years of implementation).
It is estimated that within 3 years after the project is put into production, the on-grid price of all projects is 0.65 yuan / kWh (including VAT, protection price of 0.40 yuan / kWh + incentive price of 0.25 yuan / kWh). After 3 years, the resources of the wind farm will be tested. According to the actual three-year grid power of the project, the annual equivalent full-load hours of the project will be verified, and the corresponding on-grid electricity price will be implemented.
The electricity price of this scheme is only two, that is, the minimum protection on-grid price is 0.40 yuan/kWh and the encouraged electricity price is 0.25 yuan/kWh. The difference in wind energy resources and other conditions is differentiated by different on-grid electricity prices that encourage electricity prices. operating.
The resource conditions of the wind power project are verified by the actual grid power for 3 years, which can be accurately measured. It does not require the authority to verify according to the theoretical calculation value, which is in line with China's national conditions. Of course, the annual average on-grid electricity of 3 years does not fully represent the 20-year average. If the annual average on-grid electricity of the first three years is higher than the 20-year average, and the on-grid electricity that implements the incentive price is approved accordingly, the wind power project will not be met. To the expected benefits, this should be considered as a normal risk for wind power projects. Considering that the equipment in the first three years is in good condition, it is more efficient than 10 years after operation, and can also be approved at 90% of the annual average on-grid power for the first three years.
After the on-grid tariff is clear, wind power projects with good resource conditions are still good in efficiency, which will inevitably lead to fierce competition for development rights. It can be solved by means of bidding. The comprehensive strength and localization conditions of equipment can become the winning developers. (Shi Pengfei Xie Hongwen)
The authenticity of this information has not been confirmed by the international electrical network, for your reference only.
From: China Power News Network
Successful on-grid tariff mechanism abroad
The Danish government imposes an energy tax and a carbon dioxide emission tax on coal-fired power, and subsidizes the purchase price of wind power, so that users of wind turbines can change from satisfying their own power demand to selling electricity to the grid, gaining certain profits, and purchasing wind turbines to form farmers. An investment method that works with other residents.
Germany divides the price of wind power on-grid into the lowest protection price plus the price of electricity, and adjusts the time to encourage the price of electricity to reduce the difference in income caused by resource conditions. In addition, early development of higher protection tariffs, incentives for the development of the industry, the formation of large-scale wind power equipment manufacturing capacity, and then through the annual reduction of the minimum protection price, prompting equipment manufacturers to strive to reduce costs. However, it is necessary to authorize the authority to certify the reference power generation of each model, which is complicated to operate.
Spain's wind power feed-in tariffs are linked to the government's annual electricity tariffs, which are increasing year by year.
The above-mentioned three countries' wind power feed-in tariff levels are: Denmark 0.69 Danish Krone (0.94 yuan) / kWh, Germany 8.7 Euro cents (0.94 yuan) / kWh and Spain 7.098 Euro cents (0.72 yuan) / kWh, such wind power on-grid price Level, with high intensity incentives, attracting a large number of investors, and fostering a stable wind power market. At the end of 2004, the cumulative installed capacity of wind power in the Three Kingdoms was: 3.12 million kilowatts in Denmark, ranking fourth in the world; Germany was 16.63 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world. Spain has 8.26 million kilowatts, ranking second in the world. Due to the good market space, the wind power equipment manufacturing industry has grown rapidly in these three countries, increasing employment opportunities and expanding exports. In 2004, it only installed a total of 764,000 kilowatts in the Chinese market, with Denmark accounting for 44.6% and Germany accounting for 17.2. %, Spain accounted for 16.1%.
The principle of establishing a feed-in tariff mechanism
It is conducive to the establishment of a localized wind power equipment industry as soon as possible, reducing equipment costs. The main purpose of the current development of wind power is not to solve the power shortage and reduce carbon dioxide emissions, but to improve the domestic wind power equipment manufacturing and development capabilities, establish a localized industry, and change the situation of imported equipment. Practice has proved that the price of the same type of wind power equipment can be reduced by about 20% after localized production, and it can continue to decline as technology advances and increases production volume. The equipment invested in wind power projects accounts for 70%, and plays a decisive role in reducing the on-grid tariff of wind power under the same wind energy resources.
The return on investment is better than coal power. The return on investment in wind power is better than that of coal-fired thermal power to reflect the encouragement of wind power, attract investors, establish a stable wind power market, and provide a survival basis for equipment manufacturing.
National distribution, unified electricity prices, to take care of the difference in resource conditions. Since the verification of on-grid tariffs requires the approval of the price department, it is a sensitive and cumbersome process to verify the electricity price for each wind power project. Therefore, it is better for the new wind power grid price mechanism to be able to verify the electricity price for at least 3 years. The difference in resources is to change the implementation incentive. The electricity price of electricity (encourage the total on-grid electricity) to adjust, reduce the benefit gap formed by the advantages and disadvantages of resources.
Recommended electricity price mode for wind power online
At the end of 2004, the national wind power installed capacity was 764,000 kilowatts, which was only 0.17% compared with the national total installed capacity of 440 million kilowatts. Considering that the equivalent full-load hours of wind power is equivalent to half of the conventional power supply, the on-grid electricity only accounts for The total electricity consumption in the country is 0.08%. Approving appropriately high electricity prices for wind power has little impact on the overall economy and has a great effect on accelerating the formation of the wind power industry.
The composition of wind power on-grid tariffs is divided into two parts. The operating period protects the (lowest) electricity price plus the incentive (concession) price of the fixed electricity. The wind power project has a large investment at one time, but there is no influence of human factors such as fuel price changes during the operation period, so it is conditionally promised to fix the electricity price. Wind power projects still have some risks, mainly the accuracy of wind energy resource assessment and the reliability of wind turbine operation, as well as the rising price of spare parts in the future. The minimum protection price is needed to cultivate this industry, which should be slightly higher than the national average. On-grid tariffs are fixed during the operating period. Due to the relatively high cost of wind power, the protection of electricity prices can not meet the requirements of debt service, and it is necessary to increase the price of incentives (concessions) in order to make wind power survive and promote its development.
Considering the differences in wind energy resource conditions of various wind farms, the amount of electricity that is used to encourage electricity prices is also different. Wind power projects with poor wind energy resources have a relatively large amount of electricity that encourages electricity prices, and the average on-grid electricity price during the corresponding operating period is also relatively high. The amount of electricity that is used to encourage electricity prices is measured in terms of equivalent full-load hours, such as 30,000 hours, and for a wind farm with an installed capacity of 100,000 kilowatts, it is 3 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity. According to the internal rate of return of the wind power project under different wind energy resources, the corresponding implementation of the incentive electricity price can be verified, and the internal rate of return on project investment caused by resources and other conditions can be narrowed.
After the production capacity of localized wind power equipment is formed, the cost can be reduced. When the local wind power equipment manufacturing industry forms a scale and the components and units provided exceed the import share, the wind power project will reduce the electricity price year by year according to the production time, which will help accelerate project investment and promote equipment cost. decline. The specific amount is appropriately adjusted every three or five years depending on the development at the time.
Wind power feed-in tariff case
For example, a wind power project with an investment of 9000 yuan/kW in kilowatts and an annual net load of 2,000 hours is used as an example. The on-grid electricity that implements the incentive price is equivalent to 30,000 hours (equivalent to 15 years). Initial control of the minimum resource equivalent to a full load of 1600 hours, the implementation of the incentive electricity price of the on-grid electricity is equivalent to a full load of 32,000 hours (equivalent to the implementation of 20 years), the highest resource year equivalent to a full load of 3000 hours, the implementation of the incentive electricity price of the on-grid electricity The equivalent full load is 10,000 hours (equivalent to 3.3 years of implementation).
It is estimated that within 3 years after the project is put into production, the on-grid price of all projects is 0.65 yuan / kWh (including VAT, protection price of 0.40 yuan / kWh + incentive price of 0.25 yuan / kWh). After 3 years, the resources of the wind farm will be tested. According to the actual three-year grid power of the project, the annual equivalent full-load hours of the project will be verified, and the corresponding on-grid electricity price will be implemented.
The electricity price of this scheme is only two, that is, the minimum protection on-grid price is 0.40 yuan/kWh and the encouraged electricity price is 0.25 yuan/kWh. The difference in wind energy resources and other conditions is differentiated by different on-grid electricity prices that encourage electricity prices. operating.
The resource conditions of the wind power project are verified by the actual grid power for 3 years, which can be accurately measured. It does not require the authority to verify according to the theoretical calculation value, which is in line with China's national conditions. Of course, the annual average on-grid electricity of 3 years does not fully represent the 20-year average. If the annual average on-grid electricity of the first three years is higher than the 20-year average, and the on-grid electricity that implements the incentive price is approved accordingly, the wind power project will not be met. To the expected benefits, this should be considered as a normal risk for wind power projects. Considering that the equipment in the first three years is in good condition, it is more efficient than 10 years after operation, and can also be approved at 90% of the annual average on-grid power for the first three years.
After the on-grid tariff is clear, wind power projects with good resource conditions are still good in efficiency, which will inevitably lead to fierce competition for development rights. It can be solved by means of bidding. The comprehensive strength and localization conditions of equipment can become the winning developers. (Shi Pengfei Xie Hongwen)
The authenticity of this information has not been confirmed by the international electrical network, for your reference only.
From: China Power News Network
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