The light consists of three primary colors: Red (R), Green (G), and Blue (B). Any color can be created by combining these three in different proportions. However, RGB cannot be produced by mixing other colors. When R, G, and B are combined equally, they produce white light (W).
The color we perceive is determined by the light reflected from an object. For example, when white light shines on an object that absorbs red (R), it reflects green and blue, resulting in yellow (Y). This relationship can be expressed as:
**WR = G + B = Y (Yellow)**
Similarly:
**WG = R + B = M (Magenta)**
**WB = R + G = C (Cyan)**
Because yellow, magenta, and cyan can be used to create all other colors through mixing, they are known as the primary colors of subtractive color theory. These are commonly used in printing and material-based color mixing.
When two of these primary colors are mixed in equal amounts, they form secondary colors. For instance:
- **Yellow + Magenta = Red**
- **Yellow + Cyan = Green**
- **Magenta + Cyan = Blue**
This is the basis of the subtractive color method. When two color materials are mixed, they absorb certain wavelengths of light. The more colors you mix, the more light is absorbed, and the darker the resulting color becomes. If all three primary colors are mixed in equal proportions, the result is typically a dark gray or black.
In practice, mixing colors isn’t always about perfect balance. Depending on the ratio, you can achieve a wide range of tones and shades. Subtractive color theory is widely used in painting, printing, and digital design, where the goal is to control how light interacts with physical materials.
Understanding the difference between additive (light) and subtractive (material) color systems is essential for anyone working with color in any medium. Whether you're designing a website, creating art, or producing printed materials, knowing how colors interact helps you achieve the desired visual effect.
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