EQ stands for Equalizer. In mainland China, it's commonly referred to as an equalizer, while in Hong Kong and Taiwan, it's also called an equalizer. Its primary function is to adjust the gain of different frequency bands. A 10-band equalizer means there are 10 adjustable points. The more bands you have, the more precise the sound curve can be shaped, but the more complex the adjustment becomes. From left to right, the frequencies go from low to high: [100 Hz, 200 Hz, 400 Hz, 600 Hz, 1 kHz, 3 kHz, 6 kHz, 12 kHz, 14 kHz, 16 kHz].
Frequency Band Overview:
[20-60Hz] This range affects the spatial sense of the sound. Since most musical pitches are above this range, it’s hard to perceive directly.
[60-100Hz] This band influences the overall mix and is where bass frequencies reside. If this area is too strong, the sound may become muddy or resonate; if too weak, the music might feel thin. Instruments like drums, timpani, piano, cello, and others with deep tones fall into this range.
[80-160Hz] This section gives the music its thickness and warmth. A well-balanced sound here makes the music feel rich and full. If this part is missing, you might not even notice the lack of bass. Poor performance in this area can make the sound dull or lifeless, especially when using subwoofers that have limited low-frequency response.
[150-300Hz] This range affects the strength of the sound, particularly for male vocals. It's also the root frequency of chords in a mix.
[300-500Hz] This band plays a key role in vocal clarity. It adds body and presence to the voice. Too much can make the vocals sound muffled, while too little can make them thin and unclear.
[800Hz] This frequency greatly impacts the intensity of the tone. A balanced level here makes the sound powerful and clear. Too much can cause a "throaty" effect, reducing the natural quality of the voice. Engineers often call this the "dangerous frequency" because it can easily distort the sound.
[1kHz] This is the standard reference frequency used in audio testing. Most audio equipment specifications are measured at this point, and it's the most sensitive frequency for human hearing.
[1.2kHz] Slightly boosting this frequency can enhance the brightness of the sound without making it harsh. Too much can result in a brittle or unnatural sound.
[2k-4kHz] This range has strong penetration and is where the human ear cavity resonates. It significantly affects the brightness and clarity of the sound. Too much can make the sound sharp, while too little can make it dull. Female voices and wind instruments are often found in this range.
[4k-8kHz] This is the most critical area for speech and vocal clarity. Missing this range can make the sound flat, while too much can create a harsh or shrill effect. Compression is often used here to smooth out the dynamics.
[8k-12kHz] This is the high-frequency range that gives the sound its sparkle and air. Properly boosting this area can add clarity and depth, but overdoing it can introduce noise and make the sound unpleasant. Lack of this range can make the sound lifeless and unexciting.
Recommendations:
First, understand that not every great sound comes from EQ. Many times, the quality of the original instrument, microphone, and mixing process determines the final sound. If your equipment is good, you may not need to adjust much. But EQ exists to compensate for shortcomings and cater to different listening preferences.
Second, use preset EQ settings on your device. For example, if your headphones emphasize vocals but lack bass, you can boost the low end via EQ. Many devices come with several presets you can choose from.
Third, personalize your EQ by adjusting while listening and finding what sounds best to you. Understanding these frequency ranges will help you shape the sound to your liking.
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