EQ stands for Equalizer. It is commonly referred to as an equalizer on the mainland, and in Hong Kong and Taiwan, it's also called an equalizer. Its main function is to adjust the gain of different frequency bands. A 10-band equalizer means there are 10 adjustable points. The more bands you have, the more precise the sound curve can be adjusted, but it also becomes more complex. From left to right, the frequencies go from low to high: [100 Hz, 200 Hz, 400 Hz, 600 Hz, 1 kHz, 3 kHz, 6 kHz, 12 kHz, 14 kHz, 16 kHz].
Here’s a breakdown of each frequency range:
[20-60Hz] – This affects the spatial sense of the sound. Since most musical pitches are above this range, it's not easily perceived by the ear.
[60-100Hz] – This range influences the overall "fullness" of the sound. It's where the bass resides. If this is too strong, the sound may feel muddy or boomy; if too weak, the music may sound thin or lifeless. Instruments like drums, timpani, piano, cello, and others with deep tones fall into this range.
[80-160Hz] – This contributes to the thickness and warmth of the music. A well-balanced range here gives a rich, full sound. If this part is missing, even the bass might not be felt clearly. Too much can lead to a dull or muffled listening experience, especially when using subwoofers that can't handle the low-end effectively.
[150-300Hz] – This range affects the strength of the sound, particularly male vocals. It's the lower end of the vocal pitch and also the root of chords. Too much can make the sound heavy, while too little can make it feel weak.
[300-500Hz] – This band determines the clarity and body of the human voice. If this is too low, the vocals may sound thin or muffled. If properly balanced, it adds warmth and presence to the voice.
[800Hz] – Known as the "dangerous frequency," it greatly affects the intensity and character of the sound. Too much can create a "throaty" effect, which may reduce the natural quality of the voice. However, a slight boost can add depth and sexiness to the tone. This is where many vocal and percussion sounds are most prominent.
[1kHz] – This is the standard reference frequency used in audio testing. Most equipment specifications are based on this frequency, as it’s the most sensitive to the human ear.
[1.2kHz] – Slightly boosting this range can enhance the brightness of the sound without making it harsh. Too much can cause the sound to become unbalanced.
[2k-4kHz] – This is a highly penetrating frequency range, closely related to the resonance of the human ear. It plays a big role in the clarity and brightness of the sound. Too much can result in a harsh or fatiguing listening experience, while too little can make the sound flat or unclear. Female voices and wind instruments often fall into this range.
[4k-8kHz] – This range significantly impacts speech clarity and vocal definition. Missing this range can make the sound feel dull or unclear, while too much can cause a sharp or uncomfortable sensation. Many vocalists and instruments are affected by this range.
[8k-12kHz] – This is the high-frequency range that adds sparkle and air to the sound. A small boost here can enhance the overall sound quality and make it feel more vibrant. However, too much can increase background noise and make the sound feel harsh or "hairy." Lack of this range can make the sound lifeless or unappealing.
Some tips for using EQ:
1. Remember that not every great sound comes from EQ. Much of the quality comes from the original recording, microphone choice, and mixing process. If your equipment is good, you might not need to adjust much.
2. Use presets if you're unsure. For example, if your headphones emphasize vocals but lack bass, you can use a preset to add some sub-bass. Most devices come with several EQ settings to choose from.
3. Personalize your EQ by adjusting while listening. Try different settings and find what feels best to your ears. Understanding how each frequency band works will help you achieve the sound you prefer.
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