With the continuous development of automotive technology, the application of automotive sensor technology is becoming more and more extensive. A wide range of on-board sensors are used from one-button start-stop technology to dual-clutch gearboxes, and the role of sensor technology in vehicle power systems is becoming increasingly important. At the same time, the increasing fuel efficiency requirements of automobiles and increasingly stringent emission standards have also played a role in driving sensor technology, wiring technology and custom-made standards.
In order to enable automobiles to meet increasingly stringent emission standards, automotive design engineers are able to efficiently collect analog signals from their digital signal control units, which is critical to their ability to achieve their desired goals. effect. Among them, the above mentioned analog signals are mainly for signals such as pressure and temperature from automobile engines.
By using more sophisticated sensors, the engine's fuel efficiency can be greatly increased and the number of gearbox stages can be increased. Among them, the one-button start-stop function in the automatic transmission car is inseparable from the application of the sensor. This is more challenging than manual geared drivers who choose the right shifting gear.
Anil Sondur, vice president of TataElxsi, Tata, said: "By improving the sensing sensitivity of on-board sensors, the entire sensing process can be smoother. Gear neutral sensing technology is based on the development of the most primitive one-button start-stop system. Sensing technology, the sensing process of the sensing technology has not been able to achieve a smooth degree. The development of gear neutral sensing technology is to avoid the stalling phenomenon of the gearbox when the vehicle shifts. The technology uses a powerful sensor to ensure that the gear can reach a specific position during shifting to avoid stall slip."
In addition, there are market research reports predicting that sensors used in automotive power systems will achieve significant growth. According to IHS Technology Consulting's forecast, shipments of sensors used only on automotive internal combustion engines will reach 1.34 billion units by 2019. The shipments of sensors used in automotive internal combustion engines last year were only about 1 billion units. Among them, the sensor's compound growth rate reached 3.6%, which is slightly higher than the growth rate of the entire car sales.
Sensor application in the gearbox
Sensor technology is essential to the development of vehicle gearbox technology. Increasing the number of gearbox stages and the smooth shifting process require more sophisticated moving parts, which requires more sophisticated sensors for motion control. The price of the sensor will also affect the final solution for the gearbox design engineer to design the gearbox.
Joe Funyak, head of Infineon's automotive gearbox division, said: "The dual-clutch gearboxes currently used in high-end cars use more advanced and sophisticated control technology. The control pressure is achieved by a closed-loop pressure controller. Control technology is more precise but at a higher cost.
The pressure controller used above is very costly and requires a pressure controller for each stage of the gear. But for high-end cars, the $100 cost increase will not have a big impact. â€
By increasing the precision of the sensor, the amount of sensor data collected is drastically increased, and the more sensors are used, the faster the data grows. Therefore, when designing sensors, it is generally preferred to add some 8-32-bit smart microprocessors to reduce the bandwidth requirements of the sensor and share some of the processing tasks for the host.
As more and more smart sensors continue to be applied, the vehicle's communication technology is changing. The digital communication structure allows automotive engineers to minimize the use of wired communications and improve communication capabilities.
William Davidson, manager of the Powertrain Calibration and Control Division at MAHLE Power, said: "The sensors that currently meet the Single Edge Nibble Transmission (SENT) of the American Society of Automotive Engineers are beginning to be used in large numbers in the market, by using the above sensors. Analog signals can be avoided. Sensors with a one-sided nibble transmission protocol have better quality and reliable communication quality, so wireless communication can be realized. The one-side nibble transmission protocol also has better diagnostic functions."
Sensors for wireless data transmission are one of the development directions of sensors. Many sensor technology observers also believe that sensor designers will continue to improve the standardized design of sensor components, thereby reducing the complexity of the sensor and realizing the benefits of mass production of the sensor.
Semiconductor companies help automotive sensor development
PatHunter, Marketing Manager, Automotive Electronics Systems, Texas Instruments, said: "At present, about 44 sensors will be needed on a normal engine. And as car manufacturers become more sophisticated in design control of engines, more engines will be adopted in the future. The sensor. If the sensor can be standardized, the cost of the sensor will be greatly reduced, and its reliability will be greatly improved."
The sensor variations mentioned above are all improvements at the sensor component level. At present, some manufacturers have begun to research and develop a new type of magnetic sensor that can be applied to automotive power systems. Among them, the main advantage of the magnetic sensor is that it can realize contactless sensing.
Klaus Reinmuth, senior director of marketing from the Automotive and Transportation Division of NXP Semiconductors, said: "The above magnetic sensors use anisotropic magnetoresistance with higher accuracy and better linearity than conventional Hall sensor systems. Degree, and it is not affected by magnetic field drift and magnetic field changes throughout the life cycle. For automotive power systems, the above anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor is well suited for use in various types of throttle and exhaust gas recirculation systems. Integrating the above magnetic sensor with a common Hall sensor into a single package enables the dual sensor system to meet redundancy and functional safety requirements."
Since some sensors can also improve the performance of the vehicle, various manufacturers have begun to introduce some new sensing functions. For example, speed sensors are an important part of the vehicle's powertrain, which can also help automotive engineers design more efficient human-machine interfaces.
James Sterling, manager of Integrated Sensors at Infineon Technologies, said: "Speed ​​sensor measurement accuracy is getting more accurate and its sensing jitter is getting smaller and smaller. Vehicle vibration suppression is a new functional design that uses a speed sensor. When the sensor detects the oscillation, the speed sensor does not send an erroneous signal to the controller, thus functioning as a vehicle vibration suppression."
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