China's LED industry started in the 1980s and has experienced several stages such as importing chip packaging, importing epitaxial wafer packaging, and self-made materials and devices. At present, the domestic LED industry chain is relatively mature. The upstream of the LED industry includes raw materials and substrates. The midstream includes epitaxy and chips, and the downstream includes packaging and application. At present, China's LED industry is concentrated in the downstream of the industrial chain. The scale of enterprises is small, the research and development capabilities are not strong, and there are many enterprises. The gap with foreign technology is small, and it is difficult to form unique competitiveness. Compared with the international advanced level, China's upstream industrial enterprises generally have a gap between the brightness, luminous efficiency, antistatic ability, anti-leakage capability and quality control level of general chips and international manufacturers. At the same time, they can meet the needs of the market and have less scale production. .
LED industry chain status structure
The LED industry has a typical unbalanced industrial chain structure. It is generally divided into upper, middle and lower reaches according to raw materials and substrates, epitaxy and chips and device packages. Although there are not many industrial links, it involves a wide range of technical fields and diversified technological processes. The difference between the upstream and the downstream is huge, and the barriers to entry in the upstream link are much higher than those in the downstream. The upstream and middle reaches are typical technology or capital-intensive “three high†industries: high difficulty, high investment, high risk, technical difficulty in certain links, high process precision requirements, and strong dependence on technology and equipment. The barriers to packaging and application in the downstream of the industrial chain are very low, and they are labor-intensive industries.
LED industry regional distribution characteristics
China's LED industry is relatively concentrated, initially forming four major regions of the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, the North, and the Delta. Each region has formed a relatively complete industrial chain, and more than 85% of LED companies are distributed in the above four regions. . At the same time, National Semiconductor Lighting Engineering approved Shanghai, Xiamen, Dalian, Nanchang, Shenzhen, Yangzhou and Shijiazhuang as seven industrial bases.
Main features of the four major regions of domestic semiconductor lighting
Main features of the region The Pearl River Delta (Shenzhen, Foshan, Guangzhou) has the largest LED packaging scale and the most concentrated investment area. It undertakes the transfer of overseas enterprises to the Yangtze River Delta (Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang). The domestic LED industry chain is relatively active, and the industrial supporting capacity is relatively active. The strongest, high-end applications are prominent, and talents and funds are concentrated. The northern regions (Beijing, Dalian, Tianjin, Hebei) have the strongest LED R&D capabilities, the most concentrated R&D institutions, and leading in the development of epitaxial chips. In the Delta region (Xiamen, Nanchang), LED has the largest investment scale, and the scale and chip production capacity and chip companies are large. More and more Taiwanese companies are turning to the region for investment.
LED industry policy evolution
In 1996; China began to implement the "Green Lighting Project";
In 2003, China officially launched the semiconductor lighting industry project, which replaced large-scale replacement of urban traffic lights;
In 2004, China established five semiconductor lighting bases in Shenzhen, Xiamen, Shanghai, Nanchang and Dalian;
In 2008, the Ministry of Science and Technology proposed the project to launch a pilot city for the “Ten Cities and Ten Thousand†LED Application Pilot;
In 2009, the Department of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Science and Technology changed the original 10 cities to 21;
In 2009, the six ministries and commissions such as the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Opinions on the Development of Semiconductor Lighting Energy Saving Industry".
Driven by the “National Semiconductor Lighting Projectâ€, Shanghai, Dalian, Nanchang, Xiamen and Shenzhen have successively formed semiconductor lighting engineering industrialization bases. The Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, the Triangle and the North have become the gathering places for the development of China's LED industry. At present, China's LED industry has formed an industrial pattern of four major regions and seven bases.
Industrial policy environment brings opportunities to the LED industry
The application of semiconductor lighting has been closely linked with national strategic goals such as energy conservation, environmental protection and environmental protection. Especially in China's industrial revitalization plan for the global financial crisis, semiconductor lighting has also been used as a focus to enhance traditional industries and foster new industries. One of the areas, which provides an excellent opportunity for the development of the semiconductor lighting industry.
The Ministry of Finance plans to increase the promotion of high-efficiency lighting products in 2009 and vigorously promote the use of energy-saving. Due to the unique advantages of energy saving, emission reduction and environmental protection, LEDs have experienced explosive growth in recent years.
Technical level: LED has high technical bottleneck and low learning threshold. Although the manufacturing base of domestic integrated circuits is relatively weak and the technological level is relatively low, some domestic enterprises have made breakthroughs in technology by hiring overseas technicians. The technical level of domestic good enterprises has not been much different from that of Taiwanese manufacturers. The overall gap with international manufacturers is also drawing closer;
Market demand level: The main market of LED in the future is the general lighting market. The market capacity is large, the terminal consumer market is relatively scattered, and it is not easy to form a monopoly. The domestic enterprises have a broad living space, and the growth of the terminal market will drive the development of all links of the LED industry chain. ;
The LED industry chain structure level: LED downstream packaging is labor-intensive, and the domestic labor cost advantage is expected to be the main aspect of the development of LED enterprises in China in the future. Due to the small size and low profit margin of the packaging industry, with the maturity of domestic technology in recent years, domestic LED enterprises will gradually penetrate into the upstream raw materials and substrates, the midstream extension and the chip field, thus pursuing greater development. And profit margins.
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