Simplified RISC CPU design analysis

Let's explore a simplified RISC CPU design. This architecture focuses on reducing complexity while maintaining efficiency, making it ideal for learning and experimentation.

2. RISC CPU Structure

The CPU features a basic arithmetic logic unit (ALU) that supports four primary operations, but can be extended to handle more complex tasks using combinations of these operations. The ALU is controlled by an opcode that determines the function to be executed.

This ALU supports eight basic operations, including addition, logical AND, XOR, and jump instructions. These operations are selected via an 8-bit opcode, which allows the CPU to perform a variety of tasks. More advanced functions can be implemented by combining these basic operations.

The following VerilogHDL code defines the ALU module:

//------------------------------------------

module alu (alu_out, zero, data, accum, alu_clk, opcode);

output [7:0] alu_out;

output zero;

input [7:0] data, accum;

input [2:0] opcode;

input alu_clk;

reg [7:0] alu_out;

parameter HLT = 3'b000,

SKZ = 3'b001,

ADD = 3'b010,

ANDD = 3'b011,

XORR = 3'b100,

LDA = 3'b101,

STO = 3'b110,

JMP = 3'b111;

assign zero = !accum;

always @(posedge alu_clk)

begin

// Opcode comes from the lower 3 bits of the instruction register output opc_iaddr[15..0]

casex (opcode)

HLT: alu_out <= accum;

SKZ: alu_out <= accum;

ADD: alu_out <= data + accum;

ANDD: alu_out <= data & accum;

XORR: alu_out <= data ^ accum;

LDA: alu_out <= data;

STO: alu_out <= accum;

JMP: alu_out <= accum;

default: alu_out <= 8'bxxxx_xxxx;

endcase

end

endmodule

//------------------------------------------

This simple implementation demonstrates how a RISC CPU can execute basic instructions efficiently. By focusing on a limited set of operations, the design remains straightforward and easier to understand, especially for educational purposes or small-scale projects.

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