With the rapid advancement of electronic technology and deeper exploration in electromagnetic theory, antennas have become essential components for signal transmission and reception. Their applications span across radar systems, electronic warfare, navigation, and communication. The demand for high-performance antennas has increased significantly, especially with the development of broadband and ultra-wideband antennas, as well as the need for accurate radar cross-section (RCS) measurements of stealthy targets. This has led to a growing necessity for advanced testing techniques that can provide comprehensive frequency response analysis.
Traditional antenna measurement methods often rely on single-channel, single-frequency testing, which is time-consuming and may lead to incomplete or one-sided results. To address these limitations, frequency sweeping technology has emerged as a more efficient and accurate solution. In frequency sweep measurements, a swept signal—covering a range of frequencies in a systematic manner—replaces fixed-frequency signals. This approach enables fast, dynamic, and real-time characterization of an antenna’s performance, providing critical insights for adjustment, calibration, and troubleshooting.
The system consists of three main subsystems: radio frequency, control, and mechanical components. An industrial computer controls the movement of the antenna under test and auxiliary equipment via a motion controller, driver, and AC servo motor. It also communicates with the Anritsu 37169C vector network analyzer and the MG3694A signal source through a GPIB interface. This setup allows for automated signal transmission, reception, data collection, and processing, enabling the extraction of key far-field radiation characteristics such as main lobe width, side lobe levels, and beam pattern parameters.
The Anritsu 37169C is a high-performance vector network analyzer designed for fast S-parameter measurements. It offers high speed, precision, and extensive programming capabilities, making it ideal for automated testing. The device supports continuous wave and sweep modes, with external triggering for faster measurements. Its dual GPIB interfaces ensure high-speed data transfer and error correction, enhancing productivity. With its large memory, intuitive user interface, and flexibility, the 37169C is widely used in various antenna testing applications.
For millimeter-wave applications, the internal source power of the 37169C is limited to -3 dBm. To maintain a sufficient dynamic range in far-field measurements, an external signal generator like the MG3694A is often used in conjunction with the network analyzer. The MG3694A provides high-power output, ensuring strong signal levels after cable losses and system switching. Its precise power control down to -120 dBm in 0.01 dB steps makes it suitable for sensitive receiver measurements.
The 37169C also features a multi-source mode, allowing independent control of two sources and a single receiver without external controllers. This function simplifies complex tests such as mixers and multipliers. Each source can be programmed separately, and the receiver’s scan range can be adjusted accordingly. This flexibility enhances the system's adaptability to different testing scenarios.
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