With the increasing demand for car comfort and other aspects, the importance of electronic control and power of the body has become increasingly prominent, and more and more cars are beginning to be equipped with high-performance body control systems and advanced management systems. The addition and upgrade of such systems opens up a huge space for the application of semiconductor devices.
However, in the face of environmental protection and the need to enrich the consumer experience, as well as the most stringent specifications of automotive devices, manufacturers must pay more attention to the certification of reliability indicators in the design and manufacture of products, on the other hand, Provide higher performance while complying with environmental protection and energy saving requirements. This article will combine the automotive technology expertise of ON Semiconductor with a discussion of the various components used in automotive body and powertrain solutions.
Advanced automotive technology
The increase in automotive electronics has made it impossible to avoid spurious signals in all parts of the car, and may even peak at 80 VV, which the car design team must take into account. Modules and components used in automobiles need to be able to withstand such peaks and ensure that they perform as they should. Using proven automotive technology capabilities, ON Semiconductor has developed a dedicated high-voltage automotive power technology that enables complex high-voltage system-on-chip (SoC) solutions to meet maximum voltage and digital gate integration requirements.
At the same time, more and more electronic content in automobiles is becoming more and more demanding on electromagnetic compatibility. Automobile manufacturers have also set corresponding performance standards, aiming to make the vehicle network (IVN) application have higher anti-ESD pulse and resistance. EMI capabilities. ON Semiconductor's innovative I3T50/I3T80 technology provides the best-in-class devices, enabling advanced features through deep trench isolation, while ensuring reliable design and reducing interference between different cell structures on the chip. .
A range of ON Semiconductor's technologies allow the use of power supplies up to 100V for component integration – including embedded microprocessor cores. ON Semiconductor's automotive ASIC and Specialty Standard Products (ASSP) solutions are widely used in powertrains (including high temperature applications with ambient temperatures ≥150°C), safety, body, instrument panel, IVN, sensor and driver applications.
ON Semiconductor is a major supplier to the automotive MOSFET market. In addition to the planar MOSFET family, the company also offers 40 V and 60 V trench MOSFETs. Trench technology is optimized for low Rds((on)) switching applications and is more suitable for linear operating modes than planar technology.
ON Semiconductor body and convenience application solutions
Body electronics and convenience applications include climate control, smart junction boxes, headlamp adjustment and power control, wiper and light sensing, mirror control, seat position/heating/cooling, door modules, steering wheel sensors and more.
Here is an example of body heating, air conditioning (HVAC) control, communication and power, and DC motor drives.
1. Body HVAC control, communication and power supply
HVAC consists of multiple subsystems: one is the car heating and ventilation system, which draws fresh air from the external pipe into the cabin; the incoming air can be heated by a small heating core that is connected to the engine cooling system. Its purpose is to improve passenger comfort and safety. The second is the air conditioning and refrigeration system, which transfers the heat inside the vehicle to the circulating and condensed outside air to reduce the temperature and humidity of the air. The third is the control head, the ECU with the user interface ((electronic control unit).
Figure 1 is a block diagram of the HVAC, and the green parts of the figure use various devices from ON Semiconductor. These devices include diodes and rectifiers for I/O protection; interfaces for transceivers or SBCs; IGBTs/FETs and MOSFETs for motor pre-drivers (BLDC, BDC); loads/relays for stepper motor drives Drivers and interfaces; bipolar transistors/digital transistors (BRTs) for control panels, interfaces, analog switches, standard logic, multiplexers; amplifiers and comparators for signal conditioning, operational amplifiers; for high-end drivers Drivers, load/relay drivers, IGBT/FETs and MOSFETs; diodes and rectifiers for power protection, small signal switching diodes, Zener diodes, Schottky diodes; interfaces for voltage regulation (linear, switching), DC DC (DC-DC) controllers, converters and regulators, controllers, linear regulators; DC-DC controllers, converters and regulators for monitoring; and loads for low-end drivers / Relay drivers, IGBT/FET and MOSFET.
2. Body HVAC DC Motor Driver
Currently, the most popular flap actuator is a simple DC motor that feeds position signals back to the microcontroller. In order to control the forward and reverse directions of the DC motor, two high-end power stages and two low-end power stages in a full-bridge configuration must be used. Typically, these drives integrate the required functions such as overvoltage, overload and overtemperature protection. In addition, the SPI interface provides diagnostics for the microcontroller.
The integrated pulse counting technology combined with an additional signal conditioning block can replace the discrete position potentiometer. In pulse counting applications, the circuit detects the commutation pulses of the DC motor and creates a pulse for each detected commutation pulse. Usually these pulses are fed back to the microcontroller for position detection and position control. ON Semiconductor's ASICs for this type of circuit have been put into production.
The six-way half-bridge driver NCV7708 is a flexible single-sided high/low-end driver. Its six high-end and low-end channels are dedicated to motor control configurations such as half-bridge or full-bridge. The NCV7708 can control five DC motors via a 16-bit SPI interface. The device can also control relays or indicators. Figure 2 is a functional block diagram of the device.
The three-way half-bridge driver NCV7703 can control two DC motors. The internal connection of the power stage is used as a half bridge, and devices in the SO-14 package can effectively reduce the number of pins. Figure 3 is a block diagram of the device.
3. Configurable motors, relays and LED drivers for body HVAC
The NCV7608 offers maximum flexibility to drive different types of motors and various loads such as light bulbs, LEDs and relays. The NCV7608 has a special diagnostic current disable bit that prevents LED illumination and standard diagnostics. Figure 4 is a functional block diagram of the NCV7608.
The device is an 8-way configurable low-side/high-side driver in a high-density SOIC-28W package that operates from a junction temperature of -40°C to +150°C. With a wide input voltage range of 3.15 V to 5.25 V and an 8-channel fully independent output driver, the NCV7608 can be configured in any combination of high-end, low-end or half-bridge configurations, providing a flexible solution for designers who need to drive large loads. .
The device performs digital control of all output segments through an integrated standard serial peripheral interface, which also provides diagnostic fault information. In addition, four channels can be pulse width modulated (PWM) controlled using an external control input pin. The device's typical on-resistance (RDSON) at 25°C is only 1.2 Ω, which significantly extends battery life.
The fully-regulated NCV7608 also provides positive/negative transient protection, overcurrent protection, and overtemperature protection. Its integrated clamp circuit (in high-side and low-side operation modes) ensures over-temperature protection and under-voltage lockout. Unipolar and bipolar stepper motor control can be supported with the NCV7608, as shown in Figure 5.
ON Semiconductor Power System Solutions
The powertrain includes transmission control and position detection, engine control, throttle control, oil level detection, air flow monitoring, valve control, and fuel injection control. Introduced here is ON Semiconductor's engine management and fuel injection system solutions.
Engine management solution
ON Semiconductor has developed a wide range of custom and standard products for gasoline engines, bi/flexfuels and diesel engines ranging from ignition-controlled gas supply and fuel supply to exhaust gas aftertreatment subsystems. . These product portfolios include: Inductive Angle Sensor Interface, Pressure Sensor Interface, Knock and Wheel Speed ​​Detection Circuits, Oil/Urea Flow (urea-flow) and Airflow Interface, Vehicle Network Components, Throttle Actuator Drivers and Front Drives, Electromagnetic And piezoelectric fuel injection systems, spark ignition, fans, pumps and hydraulic controls. Figure 6 is a block diagram of a gasoline engine management system. In addition, ON Semiconductor also offers diesel engine management systems to meet the growing demand for diesel engines in Europe and North America.
2. Fuel injection system solutions
The fuel injection system is used to measure the amount and timing of fuel per cylinder. The fully integrated multipoint (MPI) petrol engine management system is still the most popular solution. To meet the new demand for the powerful growth of gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems, ON Semiconductor has also introduced powertrain solutions covering transmission control and position detection, engine control, throttle control, oil level sensors, air flow monitoring, and valves. Control, fuel injection control and other applications.
Semiconductor devices help increase efficiency through engine control, detection, and drive. Carefully controlled key components such as fuel injectors and valves for maximum efficiency. In order to improve the control ability, it is necessary to measure and process the combustion chamber pressure in real time, which can reduce the fuel consumption of the gasoline engine by 30%.
to sum up
In addition to being used in body and power systems, ON Semiconductor's automotive applications with advanced automotive technology can also be used in other parts of automotive electronics to achieve superior performance. These devices include: system-on-chips that integrate critical system components to increase system reliability, reduce power consumption, and save board space; linear regulators with very low quiescent current and wide linear regulation capability with short-circuit protection and over-temperature protection Integrated circuits with self-protecting MOSFETs can replace relays and fuses to drive solenoids and lamps; high-voltage rectifiers that eliminate reverse-recovery oscillations provide low forward voltage drop for improved efficiency; high-reliability electronic modules with transient voltage protection Protection against I/O and sensors, load dumps, network data lines, and load switches. In addition, ON Semiconductor offers a wide range of automotive-grade operational amplifiers and comparators, reliable motor and electromechanical relay driver ICs and sockets, and a robust family of standard logic in standard CMOS/low-voltage CMOS processes. All of these integrated circuits and discrete devices meet the specifications and environmental requirements of automotive reliability and temperature, while meeting the increasing demands of automotive comfort.
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