**1 Introduction**
With the rapid advancement of information technology and the widespread adoption of the internet, the integration of home devices into a smart, networked system has become a significant trend in modern living. A smart home system is designed to bring together various household appliances under a unified platform, enabling intelligent control, remote monitoring, and efficient resource management. The primary goal of such a system is to enhance the quality of life by providing a safe, comfortable, and convenient environment for users. This paper presents the design and implementation of a networked smart home system that combines embedded web technology with ZigBee wireless communication to create a reliable and user-friendly solution.
**2 System Structure and Function Overview**
The system consists of a remote PC, an embedded gateway, a USB camera, and a ZigBee-based wireless network. Each device in the home is equipped with a ZigBee module and sensors to act as terminal nodes, continuously monitoring the device's status and transmitting data wirelessly to the ZigBee Coordinator. This creates a star-shaped internal network where the coordinator communicates with all connected devices. The embedded gateway serves as the central hub, connecting the internal ZigBee network to the internet by transmitting video from the USB camera and control signals from the coordinator. This setup allows users to remotely monitor their homes through a web interface, combining visual and digital data for a more comprehensive understanding of the home environment.
**3 Hardware Design**
**3.1 Core Processor Module**
The system uses the S3C2440A microcontroller from Samsung, which is based on the ARM920T architecture. It features a 16/32-bit RISC processor, along with an external memory controller, LCD controller, and four-channel DMA. The chip also includes three UARTs, two SPI interfaces, a full-speed USB host, and an MMU for virtual memory management. With a clock speed of up to 400 MHz, it supports Linux operating systems and offers 130 I/O ports, making it ideal for embedded applications. Its compact size, low power consumption, and high reliability make it well-suited for smart home systems.
**3.2 Storage Module**
The system employs a NAND Flash memory chip (K9F1208U0M-YCB0) from Samsung, which provides 64 Mbits of storage for boot code, kernel, and file system. For dynamic memory, the system uses SDRAM (K4S561632C-TC75), which offers faster access speeds. To maximize performance, two K4S561632C-TC75 chips are connected in parallel to form a 32-bit memory system, ensuring efficient execution of programs and data processing.
**3.3 Ethernet Interface**
An Ethernet controller (CS8900A) is used to establish a network connection. This chip supports full-duplex communication and complies with the IEEE802.3 standard. It plays a crucial role in transmitting sensor data to the internet and receiving control commands from remote users, enabling seamless interaction between the home network and the external world.
**3.4 Camera Selection**
For video acquisition, a USB camera using the ZC301 image sensor from Zhongxing Micro is employed. This camera offers advanced image processing features such as automatic gain control, white balance adjustment, edge enhancement, and gamma correction, ensuring clear and accurate video transmission.
**3.5 ZigBee Module**
The wireless communication is handled by the CC2430 chip from Chipcon (now part of Texas Instruments). It integrates a ZigBee RF front-end, microcontroller, and memory, along with 128 KB of flash and 8 KB of RAM. It also includes an ADC, timer, AES-128 coprocessor, and 21 programmable I/O pins, making it highly versatile for smart home applications. Its high level of integration reduces the need for additional components, simplifying system design and improving reliability.
**4 System Software Design**
The software architecture of the system includes the porting of the Linux operating system, development of USB camera drivers, programming of the ZigBee coordinator, and the deployment of an embedded web server. These components work together to enable remote access, real-time monitoring, and efficient data exchange within the smart home environment.
**4.1 Porting Linux Operating System**
The system utilizes the Linux 2.6 kernel. The first step involves downloading the kernel source code from ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/. Before compilation, the Makefile in the root directory is modified to set the architecture and cross-compiler. Then, the configuration menu is accessed using `make menuconfig`, where necessary options are selected and saved. Afterward, the kernel is compiled with the following commands: `make dep`, `make clean`, and `make zImage`. Once compiled, the resulting `zImage` file is programmed into the NAND Flash using the Bootloader menu.
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