There is no doubt that all kinds of household appliances in our daily lives have brought a lot of convenience to our lives. In recent years, when people buy appliances, they have paid more and more attention to the power consumption of products, but face to face For all kinds of fancy energy efficiency labels, which appliance do we choose to be more energy-saving and environmentally friendly?
So which household appliances have the Chinese energy efficiency label? As early as 2005, relevant departments began to carry out research and promotion of energy efficiency labels. In other words, the earliest Chinese energy efficiency labeling will be implemented from March 1, 2005, and the products involved at that time were only refrigerators and air conditioners. Later, products such as washing machines, electric water heaters, induction cookers, rice cookers, tablet computers, and microwave ovens were successively added. The energy efficiency labels of some products, such as refrigerators, have undergone several generations of changes, and the requirements for energy efficiency levels have also been continuously improved, thus forming the energy efficiency label that everyone has seen today. So, in the energy efficiency label, some are level 3 energy efficiency, and some are level 5 energy efficiency. What meaning do these numbers represent, and how should users buy them?
1. What is the energy efficiency label? Is it reliable to choose appliances from the energy efficiency label?
The energy efficiency label, also known as the energy efficiency label, is an attachment to an energy-consuming product. It is an information label that represents the product's energy efficiency rating and other performance indicators. As shown in Figure 3.1, the purpose is to provide users and consumers with the necessary information for purchasing decisions It can guide and help consumers to choose energy-efficient products.
Figure 3.1 China Energy Efficiency Label
It is not difficult to find from Figure 3.1 that China's energy efficiency label is divided into 5 levels, so how is this level distinguished?
· Level 1 means that the product has reached the international advanced level, the most energy-saving, that is, the lowest energy consumption, and the energy efficiency ratio is more than 3.40;
· Level 2 means more power saving, energy efficiency ratio 3.20 ~ 3.39;
· Level 3 indicates that the energy efficiency of the product is the average level of the Chinese market, with an energy efficiency ratio of 3.00 to 3.19;
· Level 4 indicates that the product's energy efficiency is lower than the market average, with an energy efficiency ratio of 2.80 to 2.99; level 5 is a market access indicator. Products lower than this level are not allowed to be produced and sold, and the energy efficiency ratio is 2.50 to 2.79.
The energy efficiency ratio mainly refers to the ratio of the actual cooling capacity to the actual input power when the air conditioner is performing cooling operation under the rated operating conditions and specified conditions. That is, cooling energy efficiency ratio EER and heating energy efficiency ratio COP.
Cooling capacity: the actual cooling capacity of the air-conditioning host.
Input power: the actual input power (power consumption) of the air-conditioning host.
Cooling capacity = C & TImes; M & TImes; ΔT = 4.2 & TImes; 103 J / kg ℃ & TImes; M × (T back-T supply)
M = Q × h = D × 1h = 1000Ckg
ΔT = (T back-T supply) = (BA) ℃
The magnitude of this value reflects the energy saving of different air conditioner products. The larger the value of the energy efficiency ratio, the smaller the electric power consumed by the product when it is used. The unit consumes less power in a unit time, as shown in Figure 3.2.
Figure 3.2 Description of energy efficiency rating
In the process of energy efficiency ratio calculation, the test of the actual input power of the air conditioner is particularly important. At present, most manufacturers' first choice for power measurement in the home appliance industry is the power meter. It can also carry out preliminary analysis and detection of harmonics, etc. on the input voltage and current.
In the testing and certification organizations of home appliances, high-precision power meters have become an indispensable testing tool. ZLG Zhiyuan Electronics' PA310 power meter has a basic power accuracy of 0.1%. Three channels can complete the test of three-phase AC power. The maximum sampling rate is 500KS / s, and the bandwidth is 300KHz. Standard harmonic measurement (up to 50 times) and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), in line with IEC61000-4-7 harmonic measurement standards, can solve the current inaccurate testing caused by harmonics in the home appliance industry of frequency conversion; with its own test functions for power consumption and harmonics, the use of available The fast data update cycle of up to 100ms can perfectly realize the power test on the input terminal of current home appliances.
More and more home appliances are using frequency conversion technology, so what is the difficulty of frequency conversion home appliance testing?
Global warming has gradually become a topic that people talk about after tea and dinner. Not only has it attracted the public's attention, but the industry has also taken action to vigorously promote energy conservation and the use of alternative energy sources. For example, the power consumption reduction measures composed of the Energy Conservation Law and Energy Star put forward requirements on the operation mode of home appliances.
Here we take the air conditioner as an example to share with you the difficulty of testing the down-converted home appliances.
More and more home appliances have adopted frequency conversion technology, which not only saves energy but also distorts the waveform signal of the product. Moreover, due to the application of frequency conversion, the working state is frequently changed during the operation of home appliances, resulting in a wide range of changes in working current, and the current can be reduced from tens of amperes to a few milliamperes. So, what kind of instruments can meet the test and measurement requirements of air conditioners and other frequency conversion appliances?
1. Difficulties in testing
Inverter appliances not only save energy consumption, but also make the waveform signal of products prone to distortion. These distorted waveforms are non-sinusoidal signals, such as pulse wave, triangle wave, rectangular wave, trapezoidal wave and pulse wave, etc., which contain rich high-frequency harmonic components. Ordinary power meters cannot accurately measure high-frequency components due to the limitation of sampling rate and bandwidth, so there is a huge gap between the measured value and the true value.
General power measuring instruments only allow power measurement in the same range in the integration mode, which cannot satisfy the correct measurement of the power of frequency conversion appliances.
2. Solution
How should these measurement difficulties be solved? Zhiyuan Electronics PA300 series power meter has the following characteristics:
· Maximum 500KS / s sampling rate, 300KHz bandwidth;
· Standard configuration for simultaneous measurement of harmonics (up to 50th order) and total harmonic distortion (THD), in line with IEC61000-4-7 harmonic measurement standards;
· In the integration mode, the range can be switched automatically, supporting a wide current: 50μA ~ 20A range measurement;
· Power measurement accuracy up to 0.1%;
· Standard rich communication interface, USB Host, USB Device, GPIB, RS-232 and Ethernet.
500KS / s sampling rate: According to Nyquist sampling law, the sampling rate of the instrument is higher than twice the highest frequency of the input signal. Zhiyuan electronic power meter has a sampling rate of 500KS / s, which can measure the rich higher harmonics in the distorted waveform.
300KHz bandwidth: low-bandwidth power meter, high-frequency components in the signal are filtered by the analog front-end circuit, resulting in energy loss. The 300KHz bandwidth of Zhiyuan Electronic Power Meter fully meets the power consumption measurement of new technology products such as frequency conversion home appliances.
How to measure the reproducible harmonic measurement results for the fluctuating voltage and current in the power grid? According to the strict regulations of the IEC61000-4-7 standard, the spectrum analysis time window for harmonic measurement is 10 cycles, so the measuring instrument must be able to prevent frequency aliasing that occurs during harmonic analysis. At the same time, the sampling frequency needs to track the basic frequency of the input signal synchronously to prevent the occurrence of spectrum leakage from the root cause. PA300 series power meter adopts pure hardware analog filter and phase-locked loop technology to avoid frequency aliasing and spectrum leakage. Ensure the reproducibility of harmonic measurement.
The PA300 series power meter adopts a brand-new design architecture, and performs many optimizations in low power consumption measurement. It has higher power factor accuracy and is very suitable for standby power consumption measurement. And the harmonic analysis function of up to 50 times can analyze the waveform quality more accurately for you. At the same time, the function of this series of power meters that can automatically switch the range in the integration mode provides a guarantee for the accurate measurement of the power of inverter household appliances.
The PA300 series power meter has a maximum sampling rate of 500KS / s and a bandwidth of 300KHz. It can automatically switch the range in the integration mode for frequency conversion appliances. It supports wide current input and other features to provide reliable power measurement for the test of operating power consumption. solution.
3. Measurement solutions for high-current equipment such as induction cookersWith the growth of market demand, IH (induction heating) induction cookers have gradually replaced gas cookers with their safer performance. IH induction cookers use large currents to generate powerful thermal energy and convert it into thermal energy. What kind of requirements does the test and measurement of such high-current equipment have on the measuring instrument?
"Full electrification" has been unknowingly integrated into our lives, like kitchen appliances, water heaters and other household equipment are driven by electricity. With the growth of market demand, IH (induction heating) induction cookers have gradually replaced gas cookers with their safer performance. IH induction cookers use large currents to generate powerful thermal energy and convert it into thermal energy.
What kind of requirements does the test and measurement of such high-current equipment have on the measuring instrument?
1. Test requirements
A. Does it support the direct input function with a wide current range?
B. Is the accuracy of the measurement item reliable? Can you monitor and record the data of all test items in order to understand the working status of the equipment?
With the gradual improvement of household equipment, the development of measuring instruments is also closely followed. The design of the PA310 power meter of Guangzhou Zhiyuan Electronics fully takes into account the changing trends of modern household appliances. The right solution.
2. Solution
The large current flowing through the IH induction cooker can be directly input to the PA310, and voltage, current, power, harmonic distortion (THD) and other parameters can be measured without current sensors or other equipment.
· Direct input of large current: 20Arms;
Power meters with single shunt designs tend to have low accuracy and very large temperature drift. PA310 power meter adopts dual shunt technology, the current can be directly input from 5mA-20A, and the current sensor can be directly connected to the IH induction cooker and the power meter.
· High-precision power consumption measurement: 0.1%;
The power measurement accuracy of the power meter can reach 0.1%. Due to the application of the dual shunt technology, the temperature of the shunt resistor can be kept stable and the temperature drift can be reduced. 0.1% power measurement can be guaranteed from small current to large current measurement Precision.
Up to 4 measurement items can be displayed at the same time, and it supports simultaneous measurement of harmonics (up to 50th order) and total harmonic distortion. And standard equipped with special PAM host computer analysis software, monitoring and recording data of all test items.
The unique design of the PA310 power meter not only allows direct measurement of high-current equipment, but also guarantees a basic accuracy of up to 0.1% during high-current measurement.
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