[Home Theater Network HDAV.com.cn] For a long time in the past, all the speaker manufacturers in China have adopted the "standard power" value for the input speaker power. On this power, the harmonic distortion is specified in the standard power of the speaker. Tested at a constant voltage, the measured nonlinear distortion factor should not exceed the specified value for a given loudspeaker. Since the standard power is determined by the magnitude of the distortion value, the distortion value cannot exceed a certain requirement, so the standard power is set to be relatively small, usually lower than other types of power. It is no wonder that readers who have been exposed to standard power for a long time will feel that domestic speakers are marked to withstand much lower power than foreign speakers. (More about the power of the speaker "Calculation method of speaker power" http://)
The power of the speaker (or the maximum voltage that the speaker can withstand) is an important technical parameter. It represents the power input capability of the speaker to withstand long-term continuous safe operation. To understand the power handling capability of the speaker, you must first understand how the speaker driver is damaged. There are three common types of damage to the drive:
The first type is the overheating damage of the voice coil (sound coil burnt, overheated deformation, open rubber, broken, etc.);
The second type is that the displacement of the diaphragm of the driver exceeds the limit value, which damages the cone diaphragm of the speaker or the elastic components around it, usually occurring in a low frequency signal containing many large amplitudes;
The third type is similar to the second type in that the lead wire from the diaphragm to the terminal is too short or the quality is too poor, and the lead is broken during a large vibration.
In order to eliminate the confusion of the different types of power of the speakers, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) issued the "Electro-Acoustic Device Speakers" standard, which proposed the following types of speaker powers consistently adopted by all participating countries: maximum noise power (nominal noise) Power), maximum sinusoidal power, long-term power (rated long-term maximum power) and short-term power. These power indicators are not related to distortion, Xiaobian will give you a brief introduction.
1, rated noise power
It is defined as: continuously inputting an analog noise signal to the speaker (passing the pink noise through the bandpass filter and the clipped signal), and continuously working without any overheating and mechanical damage within 100 hours. This power is called the rated noise power of the speaker.
The magnitude of this power is independent of the degree of distortion, so it is usually about 1.5 to 3 times larger than the standard power described above. At present, the speakers produced by domestic and foreign manufacturers, the most common sign on the nameplate is this power. This power is also used when people make sound system designs and match their speakers to amplifiers. The rated noise power has other names, such as maximum noise power, continuous pink noise power or simply continuous power, noise power, etc., which have the same meaning.
2, rated maximum sinusoidal power
Also known as continuous sine wave power or rms power. This is a continuous sinusoidal signal that is fed into a single frequency in a given frequency band and operates continuously for one hour. At this power, the speaker voice coil vibration should not produce a bottoming sound, and the speaker has no overheat damage and mechanical damage. Since this power is not limited by a given nonlinear distortion, this power is also higher than the standard power.
3, long-term power (also known as rated long-term maximum rate)
This is a specially specified noise signal power in a given frequency band. The speaker is subjected to this power without causing permanent mechanical damage for 1 minute (10 times every two minute interval test). This power is much larger than the previously mentioned rated noise power.
4, short-term power (also known as rated short-term maximum power)
This is also a special kind of noise power. The type of noise signal is similar to the determination of the maximum noise power. It is defined as the speaker works for 1 second, stops for 60 minutes, repeats 60 times, and does not cause permanentness during the process of receiving this power. Mechanical damage. This power is the highest among all named powers. Usually 8-10 times larger than the nominal power. Some manufacturers call it peak power.
5, music power (also known as program power)
Depending on the ability of the loudspeaker to withstand short-term sinusoidal signals below 250 Hz, there is no significant distortion or permanent mechanical damage. This power value takes into account both the distortion produced by the loudspeaker and the permanent mechanical damage of the loudspeaker, which is the German standard DIN.
6, EIA RS-426 standard
The Electronic Industries Association (EIA), as defined in the EIA RS-4264 standard, adds a special test noise signal to the speaker. The noise signal has a spectral distribution that is closer to the actual program signal and lasts for 8 hours on the speaker. It also requires the speaker under test to withstand transient peaks four times higher than this noise power. Obviously, this is a very strict test of the mechanical structure and thermal performance of the speaker. The value obtained by this test may be lower than the value obtained by the sine wave method, but if the value is matched with the power amplifier, the speaker system is not easily destroyed. EV's products use EIARS-426 as the standard method for testing the power capability of the speaker, and the power that can withstand 8 hours is called "long-term average power" or "noise power", and will be regarded as the power. The power is called "instantaneous power."
7, AES power
The standard of the Audio Engineering Society (AES) is to put the speaker into the box, connect the power amplifier with a pink noise signal (6dB peak factor), and then send it to the speaker, amplifier output (speaker) The input terminal is connected to the millivolt meter. According to the nominal power of the speaker, calculate the voltage value of the speaker when the full power is used (for example, the speaker with 8 ohms and 400W nominal power, the voltage at both ends is 56.57 volts at full power). Gradually increase the input signal. When the millivoltmeter reading is equal to the rated input voltage of the speaker, keep this state for 2 hours, then take the horn to test the indicators and the difference before the test is less than 10%. The nominal power is in line with the AES power standard. This power is called "rated input power (AES)" or "continuous pink noise power (AES)." Currently AES power is used by most manufacturers. (More about the power of the speaker "Calculation method of speaker power" http://)
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