The difference between GPIO push-pull output and open-drain output of STM32

First look at the following schematic diagram of the STM32 GPIO as follows:

When the port is configured as an output:

Open drain mode: When output 0, N-MOS is turned on, P-MOS is not activated, and 0 is output.

When output 1 is high, N-MOS is high impedance, P-MOS is not activated, and output 1 (external pull-up circuit is required); this mode can use the port as bidirectional IO.

Push-pull mode: When output 0, N-MOS is turned on, P-MOS is high impedance, and output is 0.

When the output is 1, the N-MOS is high-impedance, the P-MOS is turned on, and the output is 1 (no external pull-up circuit is required).

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