Sensor network is the abbreviation of sensor network. Sensor network is a cross-integrated new discipline in many fields such as computers, communications, networks, intelligent computing, sensors, embedded systems, and microelectronics. It will have a large number of sensor nodes Sensing, collecting, processing, and transmitting/receiving are all part of an autonomous network to realize dynamic and intelligent cooperative perception of the physical world.
1, no center and ad hoc network characteristics.
In the wireless sensor network, all nodes are equal in status. There is no pre-specified center. Each node coordinates with each other through a distributed algorithm. In the unattended case, the node can automatically organize a measurement network. And because there is no center, the network will not be damaged because of the detachment of a single node.
2. Dynamic variability of network topology.
The nodes in the network are in an ever-changing environment, and their status is also changing accordingly. Coupled with the instability of wireless communication channels, the network topology is constantly adjusting and changing, and this type of change is unattainable. Accurately predicted.
3, limited transmission capabilities.
Wireless sensor networks transmit data through radio waves. Although the trouble of cabling is eliminated, low bandwidth becomes a natural defect compared to wired networks. At the same time, there is mutual interference between the signals, the signal itself is constantly attenuated, and so on. However, because the amount of data transmitted by a single node is not large, this drawback can still be tolerated.
4, the limits of energy.
In order to measure the actual value of the real world, each node will be densely distributed in the area to be measured. The method of artificially supplementing energy is no longer applicable. Each node must stock up long-term energy, or draw energy from it (solar energy).
5, security issues.
Wireless channels, limited energy, and distributed control all make wireless sensor networks more vulnerable to attacks. Passive eavesdropping, active intrusion, and denial of service are common ways for these attacks. Therefore, security is crucial in the design of the network.
Detects thermal, infrared, sonar, radar, and seismic signals in the surrounding environment using sensors built into the nodes to detect temperature, humidity, noise, light intensity, pressure, soil composition, size, speed, and direction of moving objects. Physical phenomena.
Computer network technology represented by the Internet is a great achievement of computer science in the 20th century. It has brought profound changes to our lives. However, the network function is powerful, the network world is rich, and it is ultimately virtual. It is still separated from the real world we live in. In the online world, it is difficult to perceive the real world. Many things are still impossible. The era calls for new network technologies. The sensor network is a brand-new network technology that came into being in this context. It integrates sensors, low-power consumption, communications, and micro-electromechanical technology. It can be foreseen that in the near future, the sensor network will give us Lifestyle has brought revolutionary changes.
In San Francisco, 200 connected dust particles have been deployed at the Golden Gate Bridge. These motes are used to determine the swing distance of the bridge from one side to the other - accurate to a few feet in strong winds. When the motes detect a moving distance, it will pass the information through the microcomputer network. The information finally reaches a more powerful computer for data analysis. Any abnormal reading that does not agree with the current weather conditions may indicate that the bridge has hidden dangers.
The modern Chinese wireless sensor network and its application have been almost simultaneously initiated with developed countries. In 1999, for the first time, it was formally presented in the research report on the field of information and automation in the “Study on the pilot areas of knowledge innovation projects†of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. One of the five major projects. With the deepening of the pilot project of knowledge innovation projects, the Chinese Academy of Sciences established the Microsystem Research and Development Center with the help of the Shanghai Microsystem Institute in 2001, leading related work in the hospital, and through the center, several major studies have been deployed in the direction of the wireless sensor network. Projects and directional projects, participating organizations include Shanghai Microsystems Institute, Institute of Acoustics, Microelectronics Institute, Semiconductor Institute, Electronics Institute, Software Institute, China University of Science and Technology, etc. More than ten schools, initially established sensor network system research platform, in wireless intelligence Sensor network communication technology, micro-sensors, sensor nodes, cluster points and application systems have made great progress. In September 2004, relevant results were demonstrated in large-scale outfields in Beijing. Some of the results have been used in practical engineering systems. Many colleges and universities in China have also initiated a research boom in wireless sensor networks. Tsinghua University, China University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai University, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Northeastern University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Southwest Jiaotong University, Shenyang University of Technology and Shanghai Jiaotong University have launched wireless sensors. Network basic research work. Some companies, such as ZTE Corporation, have joined the ranks of wireless sensor networks.
Sensing network in the civilian area involves urban public safety, public health, safe production, intelligent transportation, smart home, and environmental monitoring. The number of large enterprises engaged in sensor network applications in China is currently small, and small businesses have shown a momentum of vigorous development. Beijing Dingtian Software Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in the construction of urban public safety emergency command system and has undertaken the Yangzhou E-government and Yangzhou emergency command system. Shanghai Electric Apparatus Research Institute is mainly engaged in intelligent traffic engineering and has undertaken the internal and external intelligent traffic engineering in Shanghai. Jiaxing Zhongke Wireless Sensor Network Technology Co., Ltd. has a relatively good technical background in digital channels, urban emergency systems, airport monitoring, and other related projects are in progress. Shenyang Neusoft, Beida Jade Bird, and Yiyang ICT have also been involved in the application of sensor networks. Currently, they are mainly e-government and are moving toward the public safety emergency command system.
1. It is conducive to promoting the transformation of China from an "information giant" to an "information powerful country"
From the 1G to the 3G era, China Communications experienced a situation of lagging behind from high speed development to catch up, and then to the current “communication great countryâ€. At the same time, China has also developed from a “weak information country†to a “information power.†China still lags behind the developed countries in the scope of information system deployment, information popularization, comprehensive utilization of information resources, level of information resources services, intellectual property rights control, and discourse power, and there is still a certain amount of information-power countries. The rapid development of the sensor network industry will accelerate the pace of deployment of China's new generation of information systems infrastructure, increase the level and level of social and enterprise informationization, increase the efficiency of the use of information resources and the effectiveness of information resources services, and enhance China’s information industry. The degree of contribution, competitiveness, control, and influence of intellectual property rights will promote China's transformation from an "information giant" to an "information powerful nation."
2. It is conducive to stimulating the development of economic domestic demand and promoting the growth of the national economy.
First, with the continuous implementation and implementation of the “Intelligent China†strategy of the country, related ministries and commissions and governments will increase capital investment by relying on the construction of projects or parks, and the construction of large and small parks related to the sensor network industry, and The development of related supporting industries will become a force to drive the local economy. The construction of the Jiangsu Industrial Park is an important milestone in the construction of the sensor network industrial park.
Secondly, many enterprises in the sensor network industry chain will continue to increase relevant investment under the guidance of national policies, and thus form an economic vitality within the industry. Chinese operators have increasingly increased their investment in M2M as sensing. The vitality of the network industry chain releases an important signal and microcosm.
Thirdly, as mentioned above, “smart cityâ€, “smart industry†and “smart agriculture†all have many demands on the sensor network. It can be seen from the industry that the objects served by the sensor network cover telecommunications. Many industries affecting the national economy and people’s livelihood, including electricity, logistics, and petroleum, also include the medical and household industries that directly affect people’s daily lives. Therefore, sensor networks are bound to affect these industries while satisfying the needs of various industries and continuing to develop. The constant release of demand, as assessed by relevant experts, the development of sensor network technology will shake up a high-tech market with a scale of trillions of yuan. In summary, the development of the powerful sensor network industry will inject a strong impetus for the development of domestic economic domestic demand and national economic growth.
3, is conducive to promoting the development of related industries such as 3G, Internet, mobile phones, RFID, and sensors
At present, the industry has reached a consensus that sensor networks are another wave of information industries following computers, the Internet, and mobile communication networks. With the rapid development of key technologies such as sensors, software, and networks, the rapid increase in the size of the sensor network industry and the wide expansion of application fields will also present new opportunities for the development of the information industry. From the current status and development trend of sensor network applications, 3G industry, Internet industry, mobile phone industry, RFID industry and sensor industry are closely related to the development of sensor networks. The development of sensor networks will effectively promote the 3G industry. The Internet industry, the terminal industry, the RFID industry, and the sensor industry are the forerunners in the development of related industries. This is because:
First, in order for the sensor network to be widely used by customers, especially corporate customers, it must be interconnected by a “medium†to achieve wide-area scope. Therefore, in terms of network deployment, it must rely on the current 3G. The network-centric communication network, the Internet that spreads all over the country, and a certain number and range of resident networks make it a "media" for transmission and integration. The sensor network must be able to integrate with these networks so that these networks can provide unimpeded transmission of information. It is necessary to make these networks more widely deployed and to become more capable of supporting and carrying bandwidth and services. The operating model has become more complete, which is bound to promote the development of the 3G industry, the Internet industry and other network industries.
Second, on the one hand, only the terminals held by users become stronger, so that the control of humans on the object can be enhanced; on the other hand, only the "objects" have the intelligence under the role of RFID and sensors. In order to make them join the sensor network, the development of the sensor network is bound to promote the rapid development of related industries such as the terminal industry, RFID industry, and sensor industry.
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