Charging station electrical system test plan

1.1 Introduction to the charging station electrical system

A variety of charging piles can be seen on the street, and the charging pile is only part of the electrical system of the charging station. The complete charging station electrical system includes three parts: power supply system, charging system and monitoring system, as shown in Figure 1. This article describes the components of the electrical system of the charging station and the test plan for each part.

Charging station electrical system test plan

Figure 1 Charging station electrical structure

The power supply system mainly supplies power to the charging equipment. It is mainly composed of primary equipment (switches, transformers, lines, etc.) and secondary equipment (including detection, protection, control devices, etc.). It is equipped with an active filter device to eliminate harmonics and stabilize the power grid.

The charging device is the core part of the electrical system of the entire charging station. Generally, it is divided into a DC charging device and an AC charging device (pile), and a DC charging device, that is, a non-vehicle charger, to realize a fast charging function of the battery. The AC charging pile mainly provides the function of slow charging of the vehicle, and the output is AC power, and the vehicle charger is connected.

The charging monitoring system consists of one or more workstations or servers, and may include monitoring workstations, data servers, etc., which are connected through a network. The monitoring workstation provides a charging monitoring human-computer interaction interface to realize the monitoring and data collection and query of the charging machine; the data server stores the original data and statistical analysis data of the entire charging system, and provides data services and other application services.

1.2 Power supply system standard requirements

1.2.1 Power supply requirements

l The charging station should be powered by 10 (20) KV voltage level;

l AC charging piles should be powered by 380V or 220V voltage level;

l DC charging piles should be powered by 380V.

1.2.2 Power quality requirements

l The power supply voltage deviation should be consistent. The voltage deviation of the 10 (20) KV and the following three-phase power supply must not exceed ±7 of the nominal voltage. The voltage deviation of the 220V single-phase power supply must not exceed +7%, -10% of the nominal voltage. ;

l The frequency deviation shall not exceed ±0.2Hz;

l The limit value of the harmonic voltage of the public power grid requires 10 (20) KV three-phase voltage total harmonic distortion rate is less than 5%, 380V three-phase voltage total harmonic distortion rate is less than 4%;

l Ensure that the power factor of the transformer 10 (20) KV side is not less than 0.95 during maximum load operation.

1.2.3 Electrical measurement requirements

The parts that need to measure and measure energy efficiency include: transformer high and low voltage side incoming line, charger circuit, charging pile power supply circuit. Accuracy requirements shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 50063-2008 and DL/T 5137-2008.

1.3 AC charging pile principle

AC charging pile electrical system shown in Figure 2, the main circuit is composed of input protection circuit breaker, AC smart energy meter, AC control contactor and charging interface connector; secondary circuit by control relay, emergency stop button, operating status indicator, The charging pile intelligent controller and the human-machine interaction device (display, input, swipe) are composed.

Charging station electrical system test plan

Figure 2 AC charging pile electrical system

1.4 DC charging pile principle

DC charging pile electrical system three-phase power grid input AC power, through three-phase bridge type uncontrollable rectifier circuit rectification into DC power, filtered to provide high-frequency DC-DC power converter, power converter through direct conversion output DC required After filtering again, the pure electric vehicle power battery is charged. As shown in Figure 3.

Charging station electrical system test plan

Figure 3 DC charging pile electrical system

The new DC charging pile adopts the fast charging method. This system is different from the continuous current charging and pulse current charging methods adopted by the traditional charger, and adopts the intelligent variable pulse charging mode, that is, the charging current pulse as shown in FIG. 4 is adopted. The charging pulse T1 intermittent pulse T2 and the discharging pulse T3 are included. By intermittently stopping the charging, the oxygen and hydrogen generated by the chemical reaction of the battery are recombined and absorbed, so that the next round of constant current charging can be performed more smoothly, so that the battery can absorb more electricity.

Charging station electrical system test plan

Figure 4 variable pulse charging current

1.5 System Test Plan

ZLG Zhiyuan Electronic PA series power analyzer can carry out detailed testing for all aspects of the charging pile electrical system. The test items and accuracy are in full compliance with the requirements of SZDB/Z 29-2010 "Electric Vehicle Charging System Technical Specifications". As shown in Figure 5.
Charging station electrical system test plan

Charging station electrical system test plan

Figure 5 charging pile electrical system test plan

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