The ultra-high voltage transmission line should be equipped with two sets of line protection systems that can quickly respond to faults at any point along the entire line. These protection devices should integrate both main and backup protection functions into a single unit, sharing the same DC power supply, AC voltage and current transformer input circuits, and secondary circuits. Additionally, to prevent circuit breaker malfunctions and enable automatic reclosing, each circuit must have a breaker failure protection system and an automatic recloser. For 500kV lines using 3/2 breaker configurations, the breaker failure protection and auto-reclose functions are implemented by the circuit breaker protection device, configured per circuit breaker. In contrast, for 220kV double-busbar configurations, the breaker failure logic is typically handled by the busbar protection, as specified in Q/GDW 1161-2014, which eliminates the need for a separate breaker failure device. Instead, the auto-reclose function is managed by the line protection device.
To ensure proper tripping of the circuit breaker, each circuit breaker must have an operating box. Given that 500kV lines are often long and prone to overvoltage, an overvoltage and remote jump protection device should be installed to provide overvoltage protection and remote control functionality.
Line protection is typically provided by two different manufacturers, each offering a set of protection systems that combine main and backup protection. Main protection includes high-frequency directional or distance protection, while backup protection includes zero-sequence and distance protection. With the increasing use of fiber-optic composite overhead ground wires, longitudinal differential protection has become more common for 500kV lines, gradually replacing high-frequency protection. Each line may be protected by two sets of fiber differential protection or one set of fiber differential and one set of fiber distance protection.
All protection devices consist of analog inputs, digital inputs, and digital outputs. For example, a 500kV line's fiber differential protection includes analog inputs such as current and line voltage from both ends. Digital inputs include protection function plates, maintenance plates, remote signals, phase-separated trip positions, and signal resets. Digital outputs include phase-separated and three-phase trips, remote signaling, and protection alarms.
Overvoltage and remote jump protection devices are usually integrated with the line protection system. Their analog inputs include current and voltage measurements, while digital inputs involve remote signals, channel faults, and reset commands. Outputs include overvoltage-triggered remote jumps and protection signals.
Circuit breaker protection systems handle failure protection, auto-reclose, charging overcurrent, dead zone detection, and synchronization checks. They also include analog inputs like circuit breaker voltage and current, digital inputs such as function plates, trip positions, and lockout signals, and digital outputs for tripping, reclosing, and alarm signals.
An operation box serves as an interface between protection systems, automation devices, and circuit breakers, enabling coordinated tripping based on protection actions or remote commands.
For 220kV lines, the protection configuration is similar to 500kV lines but includes more auto-reclose modules. Protection can be implemented with dual fiber differential or a combination of fiber differential and high-frequency protection. The analog and digital inputs and outputs for 220kV high-frequency protection include line current, voltage, and various control signals.
In terms of group screen solutions, 500kV lines using 3/2 breaker configurations typically have separate screens for line protection A and B, along with a circuit breaker protection screen. For 220kV double-busbar systems, there are two-screen and three-screen options, depending on whether the phase-separated operation box is included in the same screen or kept separate. Each configuration ensures reliable and efficient protection coordination across the system.
First, basic concepts
Solar Camera(2000w Portable Power Station/3000w Portable Power Station/5000w Portable Power Station) is a device that uses solar energy as the main or auxiliary energy to capture and record images. It usually includes components such as solar panels, energy storage devices (such as batteries), image sensors, lenses, processors, and communication modules.
Second, the working principle
Energy supply: The Solar Camera collects solar energy through solar panels on its top and converts it into electricity. This energy can be used directly for the operation of the equipment, or stored for a rainy day.
Image capture: The image sensor inside the device (such as CMOS or CCD) is responsible for capturing the image, and the lens is used to focus the light and project it onto the sensor.
Processing and storage: After the captured image is processed by the processor, it can be stored in the built-in memory of the device, or transmitted to a remote server or mobile device through a communication module.
Three, the main characteristics
Energy saving and environmental protection: The use of solar energy as an energy source reduces the dependence on traditional batteries, reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution.
Long life: In the case of sufficient light, the Solar Camera can continue to work without replacing the battery, improving the convenience and reliability of use.
Widely used: suitable for a variety of outdoor environments, such as monitoring, photography, scientific research and other fields, especially in remote areas or places that cannot access the power grid.
Intelligent functions: Some Solar cameras also have intelligent functions, such as remote monitoring, motion detection and alarm, humanoid detection and alarm, etc., which improves the safety and convenience of use.
Solar Camera(2000w Portable Power Station/3000w Portable Power Station/5000w Portable Power Station) is a device that uses solar energy as the main or auxiliary energy to capture and record images. It usually includes components such as solar panels, energy storage devices (such as batteries), image sensors, lenses, processors, and communication modules.
Second, the working principle
Energy supply: The Solar Camera collects solar energy through solar panels on its top and converts it into electricity. This energy can be used directly for the operation of the equipment, or stored for a rainy day.
Image capture: The image sensor inside the device (such as CMOS or CCD) is responsible for capturing the image, and the lens is used to focus the light and project it onto the sensor.
Processing and storage: After the captured image is processed by the processor, it can be stored in the built-in memory of the device, or transmitted to a remote server or mobile device through a communication module.
Three, the main characteristics
Energy saving and environmental protection: The use of solar energy as an energy source reduces the dependence on traditional batteries, reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution.
Long life: In the case of sufficient light, the Solar Camera can continue to work without replacing the battery, improving the convenience and reliability of use.
Widely used: suitable for a variety of outdoor environments, such as monitoring, photography, scientific research and other fields, especially in remote areas or places that cannot access the power grid.
Intelligent functions: Some Solar cameras also have intelligent functions, such as remote monitoring, motion detection and alarm, humanoid detection and alarm, etc., which improves the safety and convenience of use.
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